@article{103575,
  keywords = {Amphotericin B, HIV, Leishmania infantum, Leishmaniasis, molecular diagnostics, Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis},
  author = {Nukala N and Dang-Orita N and Opardija A and Pasula S},
  title = {Disseminated mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in a patient with advanced HIV},
  abstract = {<p>We report a 43-year-old male farm worker from El Salvador residing in California's Central Valley who presented with 4 months of progressive upper lip swelling, ulcerative lesions on the nose and left forearm, weight loss, night sweats, headaches, and hoarseness of voice. He had severe HIV-related immunosuppression (CD4 count of 81 cells/mm). Biopsy of a forearm lesion and endobronchial tissue obtained at bronchoscopy revealed intracellular amastigotes consistent with leishmaniasis. Leishmania PCR on endobronchial tissue detected Leishmania donovani/infantum/chagasi complex, and plasma microbial cell-free DNA testing (Karius) confirmed L. infantum. The patient received intravenous liposomal amphotericin B and restarted on antiretroviral therapy; he was discharged to receive induction and maintenance amphotericin B infusions with outpatient HIV clinic follow-up. This case illustrates the diagnostic challenges of disseminated leishmaniasis in severely immunocompromised patients in nonendemic settings and underscores the importance of early recognition and a tiered diagnostic approach in high-risk populations.</p>},
  year = {2026},
  journal = {International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases},
  volume = {167},
  pages = {1 - 4},
  month = {06/2026},
  issn = {1878-3511},
  url = {https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/272991/1-s2.0-S1201971226X20033/1-s2.0-S1201971226003279/main.pdf?X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEMn%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJHMEUCIQDctNVqTKYdngxGtebGRpPBMXfudsJV0bgxccg6EFtPDgIgQbxgo%2FMySE},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ijid.2026.108692},
  language = {ENG},
}