@article{29279,
  keywords = {Urogenital, schistosomiasis, Ghana},
  author = {Kosinski KC and Kulinkina A and Tybor D and Osabutey D and Bosompem KM and Naumova EN},
  title = {Agreement among four prevalence metrics for urogenital schistosomiasis in the Eastern region of Ghana.},
  abstract = {<p>Few studies assess agreement among <em>Schistosoma haematobium </em>eggs, measured hematuria, and self-reported metrics.We assessed agreement among four metrics at a single time point and analyzed the stability of infection across two time points with a single metric.We used data fromthe EasternRegion ofGhana and constructed logistic regressionmodels.Girls reporting macrohematuria were 4.1 times more likely to have measured hematuria than girls not reporting macrohematuria (CI95%: 2.1–7.9); girls who swim were 3.6 times more likely to have measured hematuria than nonswimmers (CI95%: 1.6–7.9). For boys, neither self-reported metric was predictive. Girls with measured hematuria in 2010 were 3.3 times more likely to be positive in 2012 (CI95%: 1.01–10.5), but boys showed no association. Boys with measured hematuria in 2008 were 6.0 times more likely to have measured hematuria in 2009 (CI95%: 1.5–23.9) and those with eggs in urine in 2008 were 4.8 times more likely to have eggs in urine in 2009 (CI95%: 1.2– 18.8). For girls, measured hematuria in 2008 predicted a positive test in 2009 (OR = 2.8; CI95%: 1.1–6.8), but egg status did not. Agreement between dipstick results and eggs suggests continued dipstick used is appropriate. Self-reported swimming should be further examined. For effective disease monitoring, we recommend annual dipstick testing.</p>
},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {BioMed Research International},
  volume = {2016},
  pages = {11},
  issn = {2314-6133},
  url = {http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2016/7627358.pdf},
  doi = {10.1155/2016/7627358},
  language = {eng},
}