03136nas a2200277   4500000000100000008004100001260004400042653001800086653002100104653003900125653002000164100001200184700001400196700001100210700001300221700001400234700002100248700001300269700001300282245011700295856009900412300000900511490000700520520231700527022001402844       2024                            d  bSpringer Science and Business Media LLC10aAntiprotozoal10anatural products10aNeglected tropical diseases (NTDs)10aCochinchinone C1 aSari DK1 aJeelani G1 aIlmi H1 aTumewu L1 aWahyuni R1 aWidyawaruyanti A1 aNozaki T1 aHafid AF00aTherapeutic potential of Indonesian plant extracts in combating malaria and protozoan neglected tropical disease  uhttps://bmccomplementmedtherapies.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12906-024-04717-6.pdf  a1-100 v243 a<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) afflict nearly 2&nbsp;billion people worldwide and are caused by various pathogens, such as bacteria, protozoa, and trypanosoma, prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions. Among the 17 NTDs recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO), protozoal infections caused by Plasmodium, Entamoeba, Leishmania, and Trypanosoma are particularly prominent and pose significant public health. Indonesia, endowed with a rich biodiversity owing to its tropical climate, harbors numerous plant species with potent biological activities that hold promise for therapeutic interventions. Hence, efforts have been directed towards exploring Indonesian plant extracts and isolated compounds for their potential in combating protozoal diseases.</p>

<p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study evaluated the antiprotozoal properties of 48 plant extracts sourced from the Cratoxylum, Diospyros, and Artocarpus genera. These extracts were screened using cell-based assays against Plasmodium falciparum (Pf ), Entamoeba histolytica (Eh), Leishmania donovani (Ld), Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (Tbr), and Trypanosoma cruzi (Tc).</p>

<p><strong>Results: </strong>Extracts derived from the roots of Cratoxylum arborescens, obtained through dichloromethane extraction, exhibited significant activity against protozoa, with an IC50 value ranging from 0.1 to 8.2&nbsp;µg/mL. Furthermore, cochinchinone C was identified as an active compound capable of inhibiting the growth of Pf, Eh, Ld, and Tbr, Tc trypomastigote, and Tc epimastigote with IC50 values of 5.8 µM, 6.1 µM, 0.2 µM, 0.1 µM, 0.7 µM, and 0.07 µM, respectively. Cochinchinone C is the first compound reported to exhibit activity against protozoal neglected tropical diseases, showing low cytotoxicity with a selectivity index greater than 10 when tested against carcinoma and normal cell lines. This suggests indicating its potential as a candidate for further drug development. This is the first report of cochinchinone C’s activity against these protozoans.</p>

<p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings establish cochinchinone C as a strong candidate for antiprotozoal drug development, highlighting the untapped therapeutic potential of Indonesia’s rich plant biodiversity</p>
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