03801nas a2200397   4500000000100000008004100001260003700042653002100079653001500100653001700115653001700132653002300149653002500172653001000197100002000207700002000227700002000247700001400267700001500281700001300296700001200309700001200321700001900333700001400352700001700366700001600383700001600399700001600415700001400431245016200445856007900607300000700686490000700693520268900700022001403389       2025                            d  bPublic Library of Science (PLoS)10aCommunity survey10aPrevalence10aDistribution10aCo-infection10ahelminth infection10aProtozoan Infections10aGabon1 aDejon-Agobé JC1 aChassem-Lapue C1 aNguema-Moure PA1 aMaloum MN1 aLontchi RL1 aSaidou M1 aDjida Y1 aEdoa JR1 aHonkpehedji YJ1 aZinsou JF1 aAdegbité BR1 aGrobusch MP1 aKremsner PG1 aAdegnika AA1 aAlmeria M00aCommunity surveys of the prevalence, distribution, and coinfection of helminth and protozoan infections in semiurban and rural areas of Gabon, Central Africa  uhttps://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0013161  a210 v193 a<p><strong>Background</strong> Protozoa and helminths cause significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions where an accurate understanding of their epidemiological profile is needed to improve their control. In Gabon, a country endemic for a diverse range of both helminths and protozoa, epidemiological data for protozoa are lacking, whereas updated data for helminths are needed. This study aimed to describe the distribution of helminth and protozoan infections in the Moyen-Ogooué province of Gabon.</p>

<p><strong>Methods </strong>This cross-sectional study included individuals aged one year and older living in the study areas for at least one year. The participants were selected via a stratified sampling procedure. Blood, urine, and stool samples, along with sociodemographic data, were collected. Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) were diagnosed using the Kato-Katz, coproculture and Harada-Mori techniques. Urogenital schistosomiasis was diagnosed using the urine filtration technique. Intestinal protozoa were diagnosed using the mercurothiolate-iodine-formol technique. Plasmodium spp. and filarial infections were diagnosed by thick blood smear microscopy, and, in addition for filaria, by leucoconcentration technique.</p>

<p><strong>Results</strong> A total of 1,084 participants were included, with a mean age of 31.6 years (SD: 23.6) and a female-to-male sex ratio of 1.15. The overall prevalence of helminth infections was 36% (95%IC: 33–39), with STHs being most common (21%; 95%CI: 18–23), followed by schistosomiasis (11%; 95%CI: 8 – 13) and filariasis (9%; 95%CI: 7–10). The most prevalent STH species were Trichuris trichiura (11%; 95%CI: 10–14), followed by hookworm (9%; 95%CI: 8–11). The prevalence of Plasmodium spp. was 13% (95%CI: 11–15), and the overall prevalence of intestinal protozoa was 28% (95%CI: 25–31), with Blastocystis hominis (11%; 95%CI: 9–13) and Entamoeba coli (8%; 95%CI: 7–10) being the most common intestinal protozoan species. Coinfections with multiple parasite species were observed in 42% of the infected participants, predominantly involving T. trichiura, Schistosoma haematobium, and Plasmodium spp. infection prevalence varied with age, gender, location, and occupation.</p>

<p><strong>Conclusion</strong> This study reveals a moderate prevalence of helminths and protozoa in our community, with age, gender, and location playing a significant role in their distribution, as do common coinfections between helminths and protozoa. These findings call for further research to provide valuable insights for controlling helminth transmission in the region.</p>
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