02398nas a2200313   4500000000100000008004100001260004400042653001600086653002400102653002200126100002300148700001600171700001500187700002000202700002400222700001300246700002300259700001700282700001800299700001600317700001200333700002200345700002500367245010200392856007200494490000800566520148500574022002502059       2025                            d  bSpringer Science and Business Media LLC10aTemperature10aSnakebite incidence10aRio Grande do Sul1 ada Silva Freitas L1 ada Silva FM1 aRamires PF1 ade Azevedo GMGV1 ada Costa Batista BM1 aAnzai RK1 ada Silva Pereira I1 aPissarelli M1 ade Andrade FM1 aBuffarini R1 aFeás X1 aAlmeida-Santos SM1 ada Silva Júnior FMR00aAssociation between temperature and snakebite incidents in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil  uhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00704-025-05600-1#citeas0 v1563 a<p>Climate change has significant implications for public health, including an increase in incidents involving venomous animals like snakes. This study investigates the relationship between temperature and snakebite incidents in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. We analyzed data from 2009 to 2019 on snakebite notifications and monthly average temperatures across 35 microregions in Rio Grande do Sul. Data were obtained from the Brazilian Unified Health System (DATASUS) and the Agricultural Meteorological Monitoring System (Agritempo). Multilevel Poisson models with robust variance were used to assess the association between snakebite rates and temperatures. The study found a positive correlation between temperatures and snakebite incidents in all microregions, with an average increase in temperature of 1&nbsp;°C over the study period. Snakebite notifications increased by an average of 50.4%, with some microregions experiencing increases of over 90%. The highest correlations were found in Passo Fundo (<em>r</em> = 0.885), Caxias do Sul (<em>r</em> = 0.875), and Santa Maria (<em>r</em> = 0.820). Each degree increase in temperature was associated with an 8–22% increase in the risk of snakebite incidents. The findings indicate a significant relationship between rising temperatures and the increase in snakebite incidents. This underscores the need for public health strategies to mitigate the impact of climate change on snakebite risks.</p>
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