02818nas a2200373   4500000000100000008004100001260001200042653001500054653001700069653002500086653002000111653001900131653004000150100001400190700001500204700001400219700001300233700001500246700001200261700001400273700001300287700001300300700001300313700001400326700001500340700002200355700001200377700001500389245010800404856006300512300000800575520184700583022001402430       2025                            d  c11/202510aLeishmania10aBlood Donors10anon‐endemic region10areal‐time PCR10aseroprevalence10atransfusion‐transmitted infection1 ade Lima I1 aFerreira S1 aNishiya A1 aKesper N1 aFerreira J1 aGomes C1 aDerriga J1 aDantas K1 aPolato S1 aSalles N1 aLindoso J1 aFanciani T1 ade Almeida-Neto C1 aRocha V1 aMendrone A00aAssessment of Leishmania exposure in blood donors from a non-endemic urban area: A study in São Paulo.  uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/vox.70146  a1-93 a<p><strong>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES</strong></p>

<p>According to the World Health Organization, more than 1 billion people are at risk of leishmaniasis in over 89 countries. Environmental changes such as deforestation, urban expansion and climate change facilitate the spread of sand fly vectors and reservoirs, increasing disease transmission. The introduction of Leishmania into non-endemic regions may be further driven by globalization and ecotourism. Transfusion transmission, particularly of Leishmania infantum, remains a concern due to the parasite's ability to survive under blood storage conditions and its prolonged latent phase. We aimed to determine the prevalence of Leishmania spp. among blood donors in a non-endemic region.</p>

<p><strong>MATERIALS AND METHODS</strong></p>

<p>A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted with 5145 blood donor samples collected from January to December 2023. Serological screening was performed using an in-house immunoglobulin G (IgG) ELISA based on Leishmania chagasi antigen. Samples with positive or inconclusive ELISA results were further tested by real-time PCR targeting internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) regions, according to Pirmez et al. RESULTS: Among samples tested, 2.82% (141/5145) were ELISA-reactive. None of these were positive by PCR for ITS or kDNA.</p>

<p><strong>CONCLUSION</strong></p>

<p>The absence of Leishmania DNA in ELISA-reactive samples highlights the limitations of serological screening in low-endemicity areas. Inflammatory physiological conditions, such as pregnancy and abortion, may contribute to non-specific reactivity. The incorporation of molecular methods and the adoption of universal leukoreduction are recommended measures to ensure transfusion safety and avoid unnecessary donor deferrals.</p>
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