02213nas a2200325   4500000000100000008004100001260004300042653001900085653002300104653003500127653002700162653001500189653002300204653003100227100001400258700001400272700001600286700001300302700001400315700001200329700001300341700001300354700001700367700001400384245011800398856026000516300000900776520107700785022002501862       2026                            d  c02/2026bOxford University Press (OUP)10aOnchocerciasis10atransmission zones10aoperational transmission zones10adelineation extensions10areinvasion10ablackfly migration10a cross-border transmission1 aElaagip A1 aLassane K1 ade Souza DK1 aAtekem K1 aSurakat O1 aAyisi F1 aOumar AM1 aHeggen A1 aMackenzie CD1 aBoakye DA00aDefining onchocerciasis transmission zones: Integrating operational insights with genomic and ecological advances  uhttps://watermark02.silverchair.com/ihag017.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAA3swggN3BgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggNoMIIDZAIBADCCA10GCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQMsNBJ-9fIcwVeIia6AgEQgIIDLqDcgnveun4eupqpI0n_Q_kmPbuy-KAVVygHyt5tLFOed  a1-243 a<p>Onchocerciasis is a parasitic infection caused by the filarial nematode Onchocerca volvulus and transmitted through the bites of blackflies of the genus Simulium that breed in rivers and streams. The current World Health Organisation (WHO) definition of transmission zones is limited, leaving country programmes to address challenges such as delineating transmission zones correctly, addressing blackfly migration, managing parasite and host movement, and handling cross-border transmission issues. A more data-driven approach to the practical definition of transmission zones in African countries would be advantageous. A review of the documents in the WHO Institutional Repository for Information Sharing (WHO IRIS) and using standard search engines (e.g. PUBMED, Google Scholar), has identified previously less-recognised factors that could enhance the definition and use of transmission areas in onchocerciasis areas. These guiding observations integrate historical operational, entomological, epidemiological, and ecological information with genomic aspects.</p>
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