03037nas a2200253 4500000000100000008004100001260001200042653001500054653002500069653002700094653002700121653002200148653002400170653002400194100001400218700001300232700001400245700001300259245010800272856008700380490000800467520229400475022001402769 2026 d c05/202610aOne Health10aDeveloping countries10aImplementation science10aperformance indicators10aSystematic review10aveterinary services10azoonosis prevention1 aSahiman K1 aAzizah S1 aKuswati K1 aIekram A00aOne health strategies for zoonosis prevention in developing countries: A systematic review (2015-2025). uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0034528826000433?via%3Dihub0 v2033 a

BACKGROUND:

Despite growing global investment in One Health initiatives, limited systematic synthesis exists examining veterinary authority strategies and their performance outcomes in developing countries, creating a knowledge gap for evidence-based policy formulation.

OBJECTIVE:

To develop a comprehensive taxonomy of One Health zoonosis prevention strategies implemented by veterinary authorities in developing countries and establish quantitative effectiveness patterns across resource-constrained settings.

METHODS:

We conducted a systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, searching Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed for peer-reviewed studies published between January 2015 and July 2025. Two reviewers independently screened 126 records after deduplication with inter-rater agreement (κ = 0.82). We employed mixed-methods synthesis integrating thematic analysis and quantitative effectiveness scoring across 42 included studies.

RESULTS:

From 42 studies spanning 18 countries, we identified 14 distinct One Health strategies organized into three dominant modalities: intersectoral coordination mechanisms (35.7%), surveillance system enhancement (28.6%), and integrated service delivery (21.4%). Integrated approaches consistently demonstrated superior effectiveness scores (77-90, 95% CI: 73-94) compared to single-intervention strategies (25-95, 95% CI: 18-88). Mobile surveillance systems achieved 14-fold reporting increases (RR = 14.0, 95% CI: 13.8-14.2), while integrated surveillance systems demonstrated improved epidemiological understanding across human-animal interfaces.

CONCLUSIONS:

Implementation quality and strategic integration represent more critical determinants of success than intervention type or resource intensity alone. Sub-optimal policy implementation and poor inter-sectoral coordination were consistently identified as barriers to achieving desired outcomes. These findings provide evidence-based guidance for optimizing limited resources in developing countries.

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