03538nas a2200385   4500000000100000008004100001260001200042653002400054653001500078653000800093653001700101653001000118100001700128700001400145700001200159700001500171700001600186700001100202700002300213700001200236700001200248700001200260700001000272700001300282700001200295700001400307700001600321700001800337245020100355856007500556300001100631490000700642520248900649022001403138       2026                            d  c02/202610aTreatment adherence10aIvermectin10aMDA10aTransmission10aGhana1 aNditanchou R1 aOluwole A1 aSaare J1 aAgyemang D1 aChailloux A1 aKing S1 aOsei-Atweneboana M1 aSelby R1 aOpare J1 aJeyam A1 aPye S1 aHamill L1 aFodjo J1 aSchmidt E1 aVerhoeven V1 aColebunders R00aSignificant gap between Point participation and long‑term treatment adherence: An evaluation of ivermectin MDA in the Kwanware‑Ottou persistent onchocerciasis transmission focus, Wenchi, Ghana  uhttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12965697/pdf/pntd.0013171.pdf  a1 - 200 v203 a<p><strong>BACKGROUND: </strong></p>

<p>Despite more than 27 years of ivermectin mass drug administration (MDA), onchocerciasis transmission persists in the Kwanware-Ottou focus within the Wenchi Health District of Ghana. This study examined participation in ivermectin MDA over time in this transmission focus.</p>

<p><strong>METHODS: </strong></p>

<p>In March 2024, two months after MDA using the community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI) approach, settlements within Kwanware-Ottou focus were identified through community consultations and satellite imagery. A census was then conducted integrating an ivermectin treatment coverage evaluation survey (CES) to evaluate community participation in CDTI. Data were cleaned using STATA and analysed in R. Descriptive statistics, multiple logistic regression, and ordinal logistic regression were conducted to examine factors associated with point and effective participation in CDTI. Point participation is the percentage of individuals aged 15 + who took ivermectin during the last CDTI, while effective participation refers to those who have taken it at least ten times in past rounds. Pearson correlation was used to assess the relationship between participation and infection prevalence.</p>

<p><strong>RESULTS: </strong></p>

<p>Nineteen settlements were identified, with an overall point participation of 80.3% (n = 1461 participants; 95% Confidence Interval, CI:78.6 - 82) for the preceding CDTI. However, 10 settlements had coverage below 80%. Effective participation was only 53.5% (n = 974; CI: 51.2 -55.9), well below the recommended 80%. Participation was influenced by factors such as age, occupation, ethnicity, remoteness, length of stay in the settlement, and mobility (migration). Effective participation was correlated with infection levels, with correlation coefficients of -0.74 for microfilariae prevalence and -0.79 for anti-Ov16 seroprevalence, indicating a strong inverse relationship.</p>

<p><strong>CONCLUSION: </strong></p>

<p>High point participation masks low effective participation and insufficient subdistrict geographical coverage. Conducting exhaustive CES in delineated foci is essential for evaluating CDTI performance, tailoring and strengthening CDTI, and informing alternative strategies to interrupt onchocerciasis transmission. This approach has contributed to effective, context-specific strategies to interrupt transmission in Wenchi and beyond.</p>
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