02639nas a2200217   4500000000100000008004100001100001100042700001300053700001500066700001200081700001500093700001200108700001200120700001500132245014600147856007700293300001300370490000600383520201800389022001402407       2015                            d1 aThys S1 aMwape KE1 aLefèvre P1 aDorny P1 aMarcotty T1 aPhiri A1 aPhiri I1 aGabriël S00aWhy latrines are not used: Communities' perceptions and practices regarding latrines in a Taenia solium endemic rural area in Eastern Zambia.  uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4352092/pdf/pntd.0003570.pdf  ae00035700 v93 a<p>Taenia solium cysticercosis is a neglected parasitic zoonosis occurring in many developing countries. Socio-cultural determinants related to its control remain unclear. Studies in Africa have shown that the underuse of sanitary facilities and the widespread occurrence of free-roaming pigs are the major risk factors for porcine cysticercosis. The study objective was to assess the communities' perceptions, practices and knowledge regarding latrines in a T. solium endemic rural area in Eastern Zambia inhabited by the Nsenga ethno-linguistic group, and to identify possible barriers to their construction and use. A total of 21 focus group discussions on latrine use were organized separately with men, women and children, in seven villages of the Petauke district. The themes covered were related to perceived latrine availability (absence-presence, building obstacles) and perceived latrine use (defecation practices, latrine management, socio-cultural constraints).The findings reveal that latrines were not constructed in every household because of the convenient use of existing latrines in the neighborhood. Latrines were perceived to contribute to good hygiene mainly because they prevent pigs from eating human feces. Men expressed reluctance to abandon the open-air defecation practice mainly because of toilet-associated taboos with in-laws and grown-up children of the opposite gender. When reviewing conceptual frameworks of people's approach to sanitation, we found that seeking privacy and taboos hindering latrine use and construction were mainly explained in our study area by the fact that the Nsenga observe a traditionally matrilineal descent. These findings indicate that in this local context latrine promotion messages should not only focus on health benefits in general. Since only men were responsible for building latrines and mostly men preferred open defecation, sanitation programs should also be directed to men and address related sanitary taboos in order to be effective.</p>
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