02580nas a2200301   4500000000100000008004100001100001500042700002200057700001200079700001400091700001300105700001100118700001600129700001100145700001400156700001200170700001500182700001500197700001400212700001300226700001400239245012200253856006300375300001400438490000700452520180500459022001402264       2015                            d1 aSsetaala A1 aNakiyingi-Miiro J1 aAsiki G1 aKyakuwa N1 aMpendo J1 aDam GV1 aCorstjens P1 aPala P1 aNielsen L1 aBont JD1 aPantaleo G1 aKiwanuka N1 aKaleebu P1 aKamali A1 aElliott A00aSchistosoma mansoni and HIV acquisition in fishing communities of Lake Victoria, Uganda: a nested case-control study.  uhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/tmi.12531/epdf   a1190-11950 v203 a<p><strong>OBJECTIVE: </strong>It has been suggested that Schistosoma mansoni, which is endemic in African fishing communities, might increase susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition. If confirmed, this would be of great public health importance in these high HIV-risk communities. This study was undertaken to determine whether S.&nbsp;mansoni infection is a risk factor for HIV infection among the fishing communities of Lake Victoria, Uganda. We conducted a matched case-control study, nested within a prospective HIV incidence cohort, including 50 HIV seroconverters (cases) and 150 controls during 2009-2011.</p>

<p><strong>METHODS: </strong>S.&nbsp;mansoni infection prior to HIV seroconversion was determined by measuring serum circulating anodic antigen (CAA) in stored serum. HIV testing was carried out using the Determine rapid test and infection confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.</p>

<p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>About 49% of cases and 52% of controls had S.&nbsp;mansoni infection prior to HIV seroconversion (or at the time of a similar study visit, for controls): odds ratio, adjusting for ethnicity, religion, marital status, education, occupation, frequency of alcohol consumption in previous 3&nbsp;months, number of sexual partners while drunk, duration of stay in the community, and history of schistosomiasis treatment in the past 2&nbsp;years was 1.23 (95% CI 0.3-5.7) P&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.79. S.&nbsp;mansoni infections were chronic (with little change in status between enrolment and HIV seroconversion), and there was no difference in median CAA concentration between cases and controls.</p>

<p><strong>CONCLUSIONS: </strong>These results do not support the hypothesis that S.&nbsp;mansoni infection promotes HIV acquisition.</p>
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