02268nas a2200229   4500000000100000008004100001100001300042700001400055700001500069700001400084700001700098700001200115700001100127700001400138700002500152245010500177856006300282300001400345490000700359520165800366022001402024       2015                            d1 aSanya RE1 aMuhangi L1 aNampijja M1 aNannozi V1 aNakawungu PK1 aAbayo E1 aWebb E1 aElliott A1 aLaVIISWA study team 00aSchistosoma mansoni and HIV infection in a Ugandan population with high HIV and helminth prevalence.  uhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/tmi.12545/epdf   a1201-12080 v203 a<p><strong>OBJECTIVES: </strong>Recent reports suggest that Schistosoma infection may increase the risk of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We used data from a large cross-sectional study to investigate whether Schistosoma mansoni infection is associated with increased HIV prevalence.</p>

<p><strong>METHODS: </strong>We conducted a household survey of residents in island fishing communities in Mukono district, Uganda, between October 2012 and July 2013. HIV status was assessed using rapid test kits. Kato-Katz (KK) stool tests and urine-circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) were used to test for Schistosoma infection. Multivariable logistic regression, allowing for the survey design, was used to investigate the association between S.&nbsp;mansoni infection and HIV infection.</p>

<p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>Data from 1412 participants aged 13&nbsp;years and older were analysed (mean age 30.3&nbsp;years, 45% female). The prevalence of HIV was 17.3%. Using the stool Kato-Katz technique on a single sample, S.&nbsp;mansoni infection was detected in 57.2% (719/1257) of participants; urine CCA was positive in 73.8% (478/650) of those tested. S.&nbsp;mansoni infection was not associated with HIV infection. [KK (aOR&nbsp;=&nbsp;1.04; 95% CI: 0.74-1.47, P&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.81), CCA (aOR&nbsp;=&nbsp;1.53; 95% CI: 0.78-3.00, P&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.19)]. The median S.&nbsp;mansoni egg count per gram was lower in the HIV-positive participants (P&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.005).</p>

<p><strong>CONCLUSIONS: </strong>These results add to the evidence that S.&nbsp;mansoni has little effect on HIV transmission, but may influence egg excretion.</p>
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