02138nas a2200253   4500000000100000008004100001653001100042653002000053653001700073653001800090653001500108100001600123700001800139700001300157700001600170700002400186700001400210700001700224245013100241856016700372300000900539520132200548022001401870       2016                            d10aUganda10aschistosomiasis10aPraziquantel10aNTD Scorecard10aLife cycle1 aStothard RJ1 aKabatereine N1 aArcher J1 aAl-Shehri H1 aTchuem-Tchuenté LA1 aGyapong M1 aBustinduy AL00aA centenary of Robert T. Leiper's lasting legacy on schistosomiasis and a COUNTDOWN on control of neglected tropical diseases.  uhttp://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=10389146&jid=PAR&volumeId=-1&issueId=-1&aid=10389141&bodyId=&membershipNumber=&societyETOCSession=  a1-113 a<p>Part of Robert T. Leiper's (1881-1969) lasting legacy in medical helminthology is grounded on his pioneering work on schistosomiasis (Bilharzia). Having undertaken many expeditions to the tropics, his fascination with parasite life cycles typically allowed him to devise simple preventive measures that curtailed transmission. Building on his formative work with others in Africa and Asia, and again in Egypt in 1915, he elucidated the life cycles of African schistosomes. His mandate, then commissioned by the British War Office, was to prevent and break transmission of this disease in British troops. This he did by raising standing orders based on simple water hygiene measures. Whilst feasible in military camp settings, today their routine implementation is sadly out of reach for millions of Africans living in poverty. Whilst we celebrate the centenary of Leiper's research we draw attention to some of his lesser known colleagues, then focus on schistosomiasis in Uganda discussing why expanded access to treatment with praziquantel is needed now. Looking to WHO 2020 targets for neglected tropical diseases, we introduce COUNTDOWN, an implementation research consortium funded by DFID, UK, which fosters the scale-up of interventions and confirm the current relevance of Leiper's original research.</p>
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