02202nas a2200277   4500000000100000008004100001653002000042653002700062653003100089653001500120653001400135100002400149700001500173700001000188700001300198700001600211700001600227700001400243700001800257700001600275245017000291300001100461490000600472520143200478022001401910       2010                            d10aschistosomiasis10aPreschoolaged Children10aNational Control Programme10aGuidelines10aDeworming1 aSousa-Figueiredo JC1 aPleasant J1 aDay M1 aBetson M1 aRollinson D1 aMontresor A1 aKazibwe F1 aKabatereine N1 aStothard RJ00aTreatment of intestinal schistosomiasis in Ugandan preschool children: best diagnosis, treatment efficacy and side-effects, and an extended praziquantel dosing pole.  a103-130 v23 a<p>The Ugandan national control programme for schistosomiasis has no clear policy for inclusion of preschool-children (≤5 years old) children. To re-balance this health inequality, we sought to identify best diagnosis of intestinal schistosomiasis, observe treatment safety and efficacy of praziquantel (PZQ), and extend the current WHO dose pole for chemotherapy. We examined and treated 363 preschool children from shoreline villages of Lakes Albert and Victoria, and found that 62·3% (CI<sub>95</sub> 57·1–67·3) of the children were confirmed to have intestinal schistosomiasis. One day after treatment, children were reported as having headaches (3·6%), vomiting (9·4%), diarrhoea (10·9%) and urticaria/rash (8·9%) with amelioration at 21-day follow-up, where the parasitological cure rate was found to be 100·0%. Height and weight data were collected from a further 3303 preschool children to establish and validate an extended PZQ dose pole that now includes two new height-intervals: 60–84 cm for one-half tablet and 84–99 cm for three-quarter tablet divisions; which would result in 97·6% of children receiving an acceptable dose (30–60 mg/kg). To conclude, preschool children in lakeshore communities of Uganda are at significant risk of intestinal schistosomiasis; we now strongly advocate for their immediate inclusion within the national control programme to eliminate this health inequity.</p>
  a1876-3413