02048nas a2200373   4500000000100000008004100001653003900042653001400081653002600095653001200121653001100133653001100144653001800155653001400173653001100187653002100198653001000219653001200229653001100241653001100252100001400263700001400277700001300291700001600304700001400320700001200334700001200346245015000358856007600508300001000584490000700594520105900601022001401660       2007                            d10aPregnancy Complications, Parasitic10aPregnancy10aPlasmodium falciparum10aMalaria10aInfant10aHumans10aHelminthiasis10aGeography10aFemale10aChild, Preschool10aChild10aAnimals10aAnemia10aAfrica1 aBrooker S1 aAkhwale W1 aPullan R1 aEstambale B1 aClarke SE1 aSnow RW1 aHotez P00aEpidemiology of plasmodium-helminth co-infection in Africa: populations at risk, potential impact on anemia, and prospects for combining control.  uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2637949/pdf/ukmss-3794.pdf  a88-980 v773 a<p>Human co-infection with Plasmodium falciparum and helminths is ubiquitous throughout Africa, although its public health significance remains a topic for which there are many unknowns. In this review, we adopted an empirical approach to studying the geography and epidemiology of co-infection and associations between patterns of co-infection and hemoglobin in different age groups. Analysis highlights the extensive geographic overlap between P. falciparum and the major human helminth infections in Africa, with the population at coincident risk of infection greatest for hookworm. Age infection profiles indicate that school-age children are at the highest risk of co-infection, and re-analysis of existing data suggests that co-infection with P. falciparum and hookworm has an additive impact on hemoglobin, exacerbating anemia-related malarial disease burden. We suggest that both school-age children and pregnant women--groups which have the highest risk of anemia--would benefit from an integrated approach to malaria and helminth control.</p>
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