02091nas a2200421   4500000000100000008004100001653003900042653001500081653002600096653001800122653001000140653001100150100001000161700001700171700001300188700001500201700001200216700001200228700001400240700001100254700001000265700001200275700002000287700001300307700001700320700001400337700001100351700001600362700001100378700001100389700001600400245009700416856007800513300001300591490000700604520104400611022001401655       2017                            d10aNeglected tropical diseases (NTDs)10aZika virus10aEnvironmental factors10aSocial Change10aWomen10aBrazil1 aAli S1 aGugliemini O1 aHarber S1 aHarrison A1 aHoule L1 aIvory J1 aKersten S1 aKhan R1 aKim J1 aLeBoa C1 aNez-Whitfield E1 aO'Marr J1 aRothenberg E1 aSegnitz M1 aSila S1 aVerwillow A1 aVogt M1 aYang A1 aMordecai EA00aEnvironmental and social change drive the explosive emergence of Zika virus in the Americas.  uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5300271/pdf/pntd.0005135.pdf  ae00051350 v113 a<p>Since Zika virus (ZIKV) was detected in Brazil in 2015, it has spread explosively across the Americas and has been linked to increased incidence of microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). In one year, it has infected over 500,000 people (suspected and confirmed cases) in 40 countries and territories in the Americas. Along with recent epidemics of dengue (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV), which are also transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes, the emergence of ZIKV suggests an ongoing intensification of environmental and social factors that have given rise to a new regime of arbovirus transmission. Here, we review hypotheses and preliminary evidence for the environmental and social changes that have fueled the ZIKV epidemic. Potential drivers include climate variation, land use change, poverty, and human movement. Beyond the direct impact of microcephaly and GBS, the ZIKV epidemic will likely have social ramifications for women's health and economic consequences for tourism and beyond.</p>
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