Importation of schistosomiasis by migrant populations is increasingly being recognized as a global health issue in non-endemic countries, with consequences for the infected individuals and for public health. The purpose of this review is to assess the extent of the problem and the possible ways to mitigate its impacts.
Published studies on schistosomiasis in migrants to the main refugee-hosting countries were identified and reviewed. The use of sensitive tests for screening indicated that the prevalence of schistosomiasis among migrants to non-endemic countries was higher than previously recognized. The establishment of schistosomiasis transmission in southern Europe had also demonstrated the ease with which the disease could be spread to new areas by moving populations.
The high prevalence of schistosomiasis among refugees and migrant populations is documented by several reports from Europe, North America, Australia, and New Zealand. It is also clear that there are no uniform international protocols for screening and treatment of migrants with schistosomiasis. Moreover, the existing protocols are not being consistently implemented and may not be inclusive of all vulnerable migrants. There is a need for more research on the implementation, feasibility, cost-effectiveness, and efficacy of different protocols for screening and treatment of refugees and migrant populations from high-risk areas. There is also a need for development and evaluation of newer, more accurate diagnostic screening tests for this purpose.