02440nas a2200445   4500000000100000008004100001100001600042700001500058700001400073700001600087700001100103700001600114700001300130700001400143700001600157700001400173700001200187700001300199700001600212700001600228700001100244700001900255700001900274700001300293700001400306700001500320700001700335700001300352700001000365700001800375700001400393700001500407700001900422245007700441856009000518300001000608490000700618520135500625022001401980       2017                            d1 aMacintyre K1 aBakker M I1 aBergson S1 aBhavaraju R1 aBond V1 aChikovore J1 aColvin C1 aCraig G M1 aCremers A L1 aDaftary A1 aEngel N1 aFrance F1 aJaramillo E1 aKimerling M1 aKipp A1 aKrishnaratne S1 aMergenthaler C1 aNgicho M1 aRedwood L1 aRood E J J1 aSommerland N1 aStangl A1 aRie A1 avan Brakel WH1 aWouters E1 aZwerling A1 aMitchell E M H00aDefining the research agenda to measure and reduce tuberculosis stigmas.  uhttp://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/iuatld/ijtld/2017/00000021/A00111s1/art00014  a87-960 v213 a<p>Crucial to finding and treating the 4 million tuberculosis (TB) patients currently missed by national TB programmes, TB stigma is receiving well-deserved and long-delayed attention at the global level. However, the ability to measure and evaluate the success of TB stigma-reduction efforts is limited by the need for additional tools. At a 2016 TB stigma-measurement meeting held in The Hague, The Netherlands, stigma experts discussed and proposed a research agenda around four themes: 1) drivers: what are the main drivers and domains of TB stigma(s)?; 2) consequences: how consequential are TB stigmas and how are negative impacts most felt?; 3) burden: what is the global prevalence and distribution of TB stigma(s) and what explains any variation? 4): intervention: what can be done to reduce the extent and impact of TB stigma(s)? Each theme was further subdivided into research topics to be addressed to move the agenda forward. These include greater clarity on what causes TB stigmas to emerge and thrive, the difficulty of measuring the complexity of stigma, and the improbability of a universal stigma 'cure'. Nevertheless, these challenges should not hinder investments in the measurement and reduction of TB stigma. We believe it is time to focus on how, and not whether, the global community should measure and reduce TB stigma.</p>
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