02075nas a2200217   4500000000100000008004100001260002400042653001300066653002200079100001700101700001500118700001700133700002500150700001700175700001400192245008000206856007800286490000700364520146100371022002501832       2021                            d  bFapUNIFESP (SciELO)10aGenetics10aMolecular Biology1 aELLWANGER JH1 aVeiga ABGD1 aKaminski VDL1 aValverde-Villegas JM1 aFreitas AWQD1 aChies JAB00aControl and prevention of infectious diseases from a One Health perspective  uhttps://www.scielo.br/pdf/gmb/v44n1s1/1415-4757-GMB-44-1-s1-e20200256.pdf0 v443 aThe ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has caught the attention of the global community and rekindled the debate about our ability to prevent and manage outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics. Many alternatives are suggested to address these urgent issues. Some of them are quite interesting, but with little practical application in the short or medium term. To realistically control infectious diseases, human, animal, and environmental factors need to be considered together, based on the One Health perspective. In this article, we highlight the most effective initiatives for the control and prevention of infectious diseases: vaccination; environmental sanitation; vector control; social programs that encourage a reduction in the population growth; control of urbanization; safe sex stimulation; testing; treatment of sexually and vertically transmitted infections; promotion of personal hygiene practices; food safety and proper nutrition; reduction of the human contact with wildlife and livestock; reduction of social inequalities; infectious disease surveillance; and biodiversity preservation. Subsequently, this article highlights the impacts of human genetics on susceptibility to infections and disease progression, using the SARS-CoV-2 infection as a study model. Finally, actions focused on mitigation of outbreaks and epidemics and the importance of conservation of ecosystems and translational ecology as public health strategies are also discussed.  a1678-4685, 1415-4757