01203nas a2200157   4500000000100000008004100001260003400042653005700076653002700133100002600160245011400186300001400300490000700314520071000321022001401031       2020                            d  bOxford University Press (OUP)10aPublic Health, Environmental and Occupational Health10aHealth(social science)1 aKeshavarz Mohammadi N00aDiffusion of complexity science into health promotion research and practice: foundations for a complex future  a1213-12180 v363 aComplexity science and its concepts, theories and tools have been around for decades (Holland, 1962). They have been disseminating in many disciplines since their inception. Many feel that complexity is an important tool to understand the world and its challenges. However, public health in general and health promotion in particular were among more recent disciplines to embrace it (Keshavarz Mohammadi, 2010, 2019). The reasons for this delay are beyond the scope of this paper. Complexity ideas and applications started to diffuse in public health since the early 21st century. There have been applications of its concepts, theories, frameworks and tools in hospital and healthcare management (Plesk...  a1460-2245