02595nas a2200169   4500000000100000008004100001260001600042100001300058700001500071700001400086245013800100856015300238300001100391490000700402520200200409022001402411       2022                            d  bElsevier BV1 aRinty MR1 aProdhan UK1 aRahman MM00aA prospective interoperable distributed e-Health system with loose coupling in improving healthcare services for developing countries  uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590005621000539/pdfft?md5=6f336b759d9f66156a7eab03602a4fb5&pid=1-s2.0-S2590005621000539-main.pdf  a1001140 v133 a<p>A loosely coupled distributed system enables interoperability in healthcare structures and can be used to create flexible architecture. The key limitation in adopting electronic health (e-Health) services in developing countries is the health&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/data-interoperability">data interoperability</a>&nbsp;problem. Most developing countries are being confronted with the utilization of e-Health systems for their&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/healthcare-service">health care services</a>. This study aims to develop a prospective e-Health system for developing countries to improve the effectiveness of health care services. This paper presents an enhanced e-Health framework using distributed memory and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/heterogeneous-data">heterogeneous data</a>&nbsp;handling mechanisms with loose coupling. The distributed e-Health has been designed using e-Health standards that are compatible with health level 7 (HL7) and can facilitate interoperability among health information systems. The&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/message-passing-interface">Message Passing Interface</a>&nbsp;(MPI) has been implemented to store regular backups of heterogeneous health data. The HL7 standards can also handle security threats. Data interchange from one e-Health system server to another has been conducted based on the experimental results. The&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/distributed-databases">distributed database</a>&nbsp;has been made accessible from a remote server by using loosely coupled technology. It also provided the e-Health data recovery features and handled an extensive database through a distributed environment. According to the study, the developed system can deliver a low-cost service to the intended developing-country community effectively.</p>
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