02687nas a2200229   4500000000100000008004100001260004400042653001700086653002200103653002400125653002000149100001400169700001600183700001900199700002100218700001400239700001200253700001300265245009400278520206000372022002502432       2022                            d  bSpringer Science and Business Media LLC10aParasitology10aTrypanosoma cruzi10aTrypanosoma rangeli10aLeishmania spp.1 aHerrera L1 aMorocoima A1 aLozano-Arias D1 aGarcía-Alzate R1 aViettri M1 aLares M1 aFerrer E00aInfections and Coinfections by Trypanosomatid Parasites in a Rural Community of Venezuela3 a<h3>Introduction</h3>

<p><em>Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma rangeli and Leishmania</em>&nbsp;spp. are parasites that coexist in several endemic areas. The identification of these parasites in hosts is important for the control programs.</p>

<h3>Methods</h3>

<p>216 samples from human blood (101), blood of other mammals (45) and triatomine intestinal content and hemolymph (70), from an endemic area of Venezuela, were analysed. The samples were evaluated by; serology (only humans) and PCR for&nbsp;<em>T. cruzi</em>&nbsp;in human, other mammals and triatomines, PCR for&nbsp;<em>T. rangeli</em>&nbsp;in mammals-including human and triatomines and PCR for&nbsp;<em>Leishmania</em>&nbsp;in mammals-including human.</p>

<h3>Results</h3>

<p>The 9.9% of the human samples were positive for&nbsp;<em>T. cruzi</em>&nbsp;by serology, 11.9% by PCR, 4% for&nbsp;<em>T. rangeli</em>&nbsp;PCR and none for&nbsp;<em>Leishmania</em>&nbsp;spp. PCR. 60% of the samples of other mammals showed DNA amplification for&nbsp;<em>T. cruzi</em>, 42.2% for&nbsp;<em>T. rangeli</em>&nbsp;and 4.4% for&nbsp;<em>Leishmania</em>&nbsp;spp. 61.4% of the triatomine samples showed DNA amplification for&nbsp;<em>T. cruzi</em>&nbsp;and 10% for&nbsp;<em>T. rangeli</em>.</p>

<h3>Conclusions</h3>

<p>High&nbsp;<em>T. cruzi</em>&nbsp;infection was detected in mammals and triatomines compared with&nbsp;<em>T. rangeli</em>. Low leishmanial infection was detected in other mammals. It is the first time that&nbsp;<em>T. cruzi</em>/<em>T. rangeli</em>&nbsp;coinfection, in humans,&nbsp;<em>Canis familiaris</em>&nbsp;(dog), and&nbsp;<em>Bos Taurus</em>&nbsp;(cow), were reported world-wide, and that this coinfection was described in&nbsp;<em>Tamandua tetradactyla</em>&nbsp;(anteater) from Venezuela. The coinfection&nbsp;<em>T. cruzi</em>/<em>T. rangeli</em>&nbsp;in mammals-including humans and triatomines, and coinfection&nbsp;<em>T. cruzi</em>/<em>Leishmania</em>&nbsp;spp. in non-human mammals, show the risk for trypanosomic zoonoses in this endemic area.</p>
  a1230-2821, 1896-1851