01649nas a2200229   4500000000100000008004100001260001200042653001800054653004900072653002700121100001000148700001500158700001800173700001300191700001300204245005300217856006600270300000800336490000600344520105500350022001401405       2022                            d  bMDPI AG10aPlant Science10aEcology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics10aMicrobiology (medical)1 aHao X1 aCognetti M1 aBurch-Smith R1 aMejia EO1 aMirkin G00aMycetoma: Development of Diagnosis and Treatment  uhttps://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/7/743/pdf?version=1658231885  a7430 v83 a<p>Mycetoma describes a heterogeneous group of cutaneous and subcutaneous infections caused by either fungi (eumycetomas) or bacteria (actinomycetomas). It is characterized by a triad of clinical symptoms: painless subcutaneous tumor-like swelling, multiple sinuses and fistulas, and discharged grains in pus. This predominantly affects the feet in more than 70% of patients. It is endemic in the “mycetoma belt” regions, including Africa, South America, and South Asia. Autochthonous mycetoma is rare in the United States of America (USA). We recently reported a Latin American immigrant with eumycetoma in the State of Maryland, USA. With millions of immigrants from endemic regions, the true number of mycetomas in the USA is most likely higher than currently recognized. With the aim to raise the awareness of clinicians about mycetoma, especially dermatologists and podiatrists, we update the development of the epidemiology, etiology, clinical presentations, pathogenesis, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment of mycetoma.</p>
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