06274nas a2201849   4500000000100000008004100001260004400042653002100086100001500107700001600122700001100138700001500149700001400164700001500178700001400193700001500207700001600222700001100238700001400249700001200263700001600275700001900291700001300310700001500323700001400338700001400352700001400366700001300380700001300393700001500406700001200421700001400433700001800447700001400465700001200479700001300491700002100504700002000525700001400545700001300559700001300572700001600585700001200601700001500613700001400628700001600642700001400658700001400672700001300686700001900699700001100718700001500729700001100744700001300755700001700768700001400785700001600799700001300815700001500828700001600843700001000859700001900869700001300888700001800901700001500919700001400934700001500948700001900963700001300982700001600995700001201011700001201023700001501035700001101050700001001061700001301071700001501084700001701099700001401116700001301130700001401143700001401157700001501171700001201186700001201198700001301210700001401223700001601237700001101253700001201264700001301276700001701289700001601306700001101322700000901333700001301342700001801355700002001373700001601393700001401409700001601423700002001439700002901459700001701488700001501505700001701520700001301537700001301550700001701563700001201580700001401592700001501606700001301621700001601634700001201650700001701662700001101679700002201690700001901712700001301731700001201744700001901756700001501775700001501790700001201805700001401817700001401831700001301845700001301858700001701871700001401888700001301902700001501915700001501930700001201945700001201957700001901969700001601988700001002004700001302014700001102027700001002038700001502048700000902063700000902072700001502081700001202096700001202108700001402120700001102134700001102145245009302156856008302249490000702332520207102339022001404410       2022                            d  bSpringer Science and Business Media LLC10aGeneral Medicine1 aSchmidt CA1 aCromwell EA1 aHill E1 aDonkers KM1 aSchipp MF1 aJohnson KB1 aPigott DM1 aSchmidt CA1 aCromwell EA1 aHill E1 aPigott DM1 aAbbas J1 aAdekanmbi V1 aAdetokunboh OO1 aAhmed MB1 aAlanezi FM1 aAlanzi TM1 aAlipour V1 aAndrei CL1 aAndrei T1 aAnvari D1 aAppiah SCY1 aAqeel M1 aArabloo J1 aJafarabadi MA1 aAusloos M1 aBaig AA1 aBanach M1 aBärnighausen TW1 aBhattacharyya K1 aBhutta ZA1 aBijani A1 aBrady OJ1 aBragazzi NL1 aButt ZA1 aCarvalho F1 aChattu VK1 aDahlawi SMA1 aDamiani G1 aDemeke FM1 aDeribe K1 aDharmaratne SD1 aDiaz D1 aDidarloo A1 aEarl L1 aZaki MES1 aEl Tantawi M1 aFattahi N1 aFernandes E1 aFoigt NA1 aForoutan M1 aFranklin RC1 aGuo Y1 aHaj-Mirzaian A1 aHamidi S1 aHassankhani H1 aHerteliu C1 aHigazi TB1 aHosseini M1 aHosseinzadeh M1 aHouseh M1 aIlesanmi OS1 aIlic IM1 aIlic MD1 aIrvani SSN1 aJha RP1 aJi JS1 aJonas JB1 aJozwiak JJ1 aKalankesh LR1 aKamyari N1 aMatin BK1 aKarimi SE1 aKayode GA1 aKaryani AK1 aKhan EA1 aKhan MN1 aKhatab K1 aKhater MM1 aKianipour N1 aKim YJ1 aKosen S1 aKusuma D1 aLa Vecchia C1 aLansingh VC1 aLee PH1 aLi S1 aMaleki S1 aMansournia MA1 aMartins-Melo FR1 aMcAlinden C1 aMendoza W1 aMestrovic T1 aMoghadaszadeh M1 aMohammadian-Hafshejani A1 aMohammadi SM1 aMohammed S1 aMoradzadeh R1 aMoraga P1 aNaderi M1 aNagarajan AJ1 aNegoi I1 aNguyen CT1 aNguyen HLT1 aOancea B1 aOlagunju AT1 aBali AO1 aOnwujekwe OE1 aPana A1 aRahimi-Movaghar V1 aRamezanzadeh K1 aRawaf DL1 aRawaf S1 aRawassizadeh R1 aRezapour A1 aRibeiro AI1 aSamy AM1 aShaikh MA1 aSharafi K1 aSheikh A1 aSingh JA1 aSkiadaresi E1 aSoltani S1 aStolk WA1 aSufiyan MB1 aThomson AJ1 aTran BX1 aTran KB1 aUnnikrishnan B1 aViolante FS1 aVu GT1 aYamada T1 aYaya S1 aYip P1 aYonemoto N1 aYu C1 aYu Y1 aZamanian M1 aZhang Y1 aZhang Z1 aZiapour A1 aHay SI1 aHay SI00aThe prevalence of onchocerciasis in Africa and Yemen, 2000–2018: a geospatial analysis  uhttps://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12916-022-02486-y.pdf0 v203 a<p>Background: Onchocerciasis is a disease caused by infection with Onchocerca volvulus, which is transmitted to humans via the bite of several species of black fly, and is responsible for permanent blindness or vision loss, as well as severe skin disease. Predominantly endemic in parts of Africa and Yemen, preventive chemotherapy with mass drug administration of ivermectin is the primary intervention recommended for the elimination of its transmission.</p>

<p>Methods: A dataset of 18,116 geo-referenced prevalence survey datapoints was used to model annual 2000–2018 infection prevalence in Africa and Yemen. Using Bayesian model-based geostatistics, we generated spatially continuous estimates of all-age 2000–2018 onchocerciasis infection prevalence at the 5 × 5-km resolution as well as aggregations to the national level, along with corresponding estimates of the uncertainty in these predictions.</p>

<p>Results: As of 2018, the prevalence of onchocerciasis infection continues to be concentrated across central and western Africa, with the highest mean estimates at the national level in Ghana (12.2%, 95% uncertainty interval [UI] 5.0–22.7). Mean estimates exceed 5% infection prevalence at the national level for Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone, and South Sudan.</p>

<p>Conclusions: Our analysis suggests that onchocerciasis infection has declined over the last two decades throughout western and central Africa. Focal areas of Angola, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Mali, Nigeria, South Sudan, and Uganda continue to have mean microfiladermia prevalence estimates exceeding 25%. At and above this level, the continuation or initiation of mass drug administration with ivermectin is supported. If national programs aim to eliminate onchocerciasis infection, additional surveillance or supervision of areas of predicted high prevalence would be warranted to ensure sufficiently high coverage of program interventions.</p>
  a1741-7015