02355nas a2200337   4500000000100000008004100001260001200042653001800054653004900072653002700121653002400148653001100172653001800183653002200201100001600223700001500239700001300254700001500267700001300282700001600295700001500311700002200326700001500348700002000363245012400383856006600507300000900573490000600582520141500588022001402003       2020                            d  bMDPI AG10aPlant Science10aEcology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics10aMicrobiology (medical)10aChromoblastomycosis10aBrazil10aFonsecaea spp10ahaplotype network1 aSantos DWCL1 aVicente VA1 aWeiss VA1 ade Hoog GS1 aGomes RR1 aBatista EMM1 aMarques SG1 aQueiroz-Telles FD1 aColombo AL1 aAzevedo CDMPESD00aChromoblastomycosis in an Endemic Area of Brazil: A Clinical-Epidemiological Analysis and a Worldwide Haplotype Network  uhttps://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/6/4/204/pdf?version=1601715152  a1-140 v63 a<p>Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a neglected implantation mycosis prevalent in tropical climate zones, considered an occupational disease that affects impoverished rural populations. This retrospective study described clinical aspects of CBM in a hyperendemic area in Brazil and constructed a worldwide haplotype network of Fonsecaea spp. strains. The variables were collected from medical records using a standard report form, reporting 191 patients with CBM from Maranhão, Brazil. The mean age was 56.1 years, 168 (88%) patients were male and predominantly farmers (85.8%). The mean time of evolution of the disease until diagnosis was 9.4 years. Lower limbs (81.2%) and upper limbs (14.2%) were the main sites affected. Most patients exhibited verrucous (55%) and infiltrative plaque (48.2%). Fonsecaea spp. were identified in 136 cases and a haplotype network constructed with ITS sequences of 185 global strains revealed a total of 59 haplotypes exhibiting high haplotypic and low nucleotide diversities. No correlation was observed between the different haplotypes of Fonsecaea species and dermatological patterns, severity of disease or geographic distribution inside Maranhão. Data from this area contributed to better understanding the epidemiology of CBM. For the first time, a robust haplotype network with Fonsecaea strains reveals an evolutionary history with a recent population expansion.</p>
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