02247nas a2200361   4500000000100000008004100001260003800042653002400080653002700104653005700131653004000188653001700228653002400245100002100269700001400290700001600304700001500320700001500335700001400350700001500364700000900379700001900388700001600407700001200423700001500435700001300450245002400463856006100487300001200548490000700560520129300567022002501860       2017                            d  bAmerican Society for Microbiology10aInfectious Diseases10aMicrobiology (medical)10aPublic Health, Environmental and Occupational Health10aGeneral Immunology and Microbiology10aEpidemiology10aChromoblastomycosis1 aQueiroz-Telles F1 ade Hoog S1 aSantos DWCL1 aSalgado CG1 aVicente VA1 aBonifaz A1 aRoilides E1 aXi L1 aAzevedo CDMPES1 ada Silva MB1 aPana ZD1 aColombo AL1 aWalsh TJ00aChromoblastomycosis  uhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/reader/10.1128/CMR.00032-16  a233-2760 v303 a<p>Chromoblastomycosis (CBM), also known as chromomycosis, is one of the most prevalent implantation fungal infections, being the most common of the gamut of mycoses caused by melanized or brown-pigmented fungi. CBM is mainly a tropical or subtropical disease that may affect individuals with certain risk factors around the world. The following characteristics are associated with this disease: (i) traumatic inoculation by implantation from an environmental source, leading to an initial cutaneous lesion at the inoculation site; (ii) chronic and progressive cutaneous and subcutaneous tissular involvement associated with fibrotic and granulomatous reactions associated with microabscesses and often with tissue proliferation; (iii) a nonprotective T helper type 2 (Th2) immune response with ineffective humoral involvement; and (iv) the presence of muriform (sclerotic) cells embedded in the affected tissue. CBM lesions are clinically polymorphic and are commonly misdiagnosed as various other infectious and noninfectious diseases. In its more severe clinical forms, CBM may cause an incapacity for labor due to fibrotic sequelae and also due to a series of clinical complications, and if not recognized at an early stage, this disease can be refractory to antifungal therapy.</p>
  a0893-8512, 1098-6618