02573nas a2200325   4500000000100000008004100001260001200042653002400054653005700078653004000135653003300175653001600208653002500224653001800249653001800267653001800285653002600303100001400329700001300343700001400356700001800370700001900388700001900407245012700426856006600553300000900619490000600628520159900634022001402233       2023                            d  bMDPI AG10aInfectious Diseases10aPublic Health, Environmental and Occupational Health10aGeneral Immunology and Microbiology10aCutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL)10acryotherapy10aphotodynamic therapy10athermotherapy10alaser therapy10aleech therapy10acauterization therapy1 aOrabi MAA1 aLahiq AA1 aAwadh AAA1 aAlshahrani MM1 aAbdel-Wahab BA1 aAbdel-Sattar E00aAlternative Non-Drug Treatment Options of the Most Neglected Parasitic Disease Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: A Narrative Review  uhttps://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/8/5/275/pdf?version=1684060693  a1-140 v83 a<p>With more than 12 million cases worldwide, leishmaniasis is one of the top 10 neglected tropical diseases. According to the WHO, there are approximately 2 million new cases each year in foci in around 90 countries, of which 1.5 million are cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a complex cutaneous condition that is caused by a variety of Leishmania species, including L. (Leishmania) major, L. (L) tropica, L. (L) aethiopica, L. (L) mexicana, L. (Viannia) braziliensis, and L. (L) amazonensis. The disease imposes a significant burden on those who are affected since it typically results in disfiguring scars and extreme social stigma. There are no vaccines or preventive treatments available, and chemotherapeutic medications, including antimonials, amphotericin B, miltefosine, paromomycin, pentamidine, and antifungal medications, have a high price tag, a significant risk of developing drug resistance, and a variety of systemic toxicities. To work around these limitations, researchers are continuously looking for brand-new medications and other forms of therapy. To avoid toxicity with systemic medication use, high cure rates have been observed using local therapy techniques such as cryotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and thermotherapy, in addition to some forms of traditional therapies, including leech and cauterization therapies. These CL therapeutic strategies are emphasized and assessed in this review to help with the process of locating the appropriate species-specific medicines with fewer side effects, lower costs, and elevated cure rates.</p>
  a2414-6366