TY - JOUR
KW - Non-Human Primates
KW - emerging zoonotic diseases
KW - Zoonotic diseases
KW - Indonesia
KW - One Health approach
KW - One Health
KW - Pathogen Spillover
KW - Surveillance Gaps
KW - Regulatory Frameworks
AU - Sophian A
AB - <p><strong>Background and Aims</strong></p>

<p>Indonesia harbors extraordinary non‐human primate (NHP) diversity, yet deforestation, ecotourism, illegal wildlife trade, and urban encroachment are intensifying human–NHP contact, elevating pathogen spillover risk. This review synthesizes evidence on NHP‐associated zoonoses within a One Health framework and proposes an integrated biosurveillance roadmap.</p>

<p><strong>Methods</strong></p>

<p>A structured search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (2000–2025), informed by the PRISMA‐ScR framework and using pre‐specified host, geographic, and pathogen search terms, was conducted and supplemented by grey literature from WHO, FAO, BPOM, and Indonesia's Ministry of Health.</p>

<p><strong>Results</strong></p>

<p>Five priority zoonotic pathogen categories were identified: Plasmodium knowlesi malaria, Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1 (Herpes B virus), simian foamy virus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, and zoonotic gastrointestinal parasites. Surveillance capacity is fragmented and NHP‐specific pathogen monitoring is absent from national systems.</p>

<p><strong>Conclusions</strong></p>

<p>NHP‐derived zoonoses represent a growing public health threat in Indonesia. A NHP‐inclusive One Health surveillance system integrating molecular diagnostics, geographic information systems, and cross‐sectoral regulatory coordination is urgently needed.</p>

BT - Journal of Medical Primatology
DA - 10/2026
DO - 10.1111/jmp.70101
IS - 5
LA - ENG
M3 - Article 
N2 - <p><strong>Background and Aims</strong></p>

<p>Indonesia harbors extraordinary non‐human primate (NHP) diversity, yet deforestation, ecotourism, illegal wildlife trade, and urban encroachment are intensifying human–NHP contact, elevating pathogen spillover risk. This review synthesizes evidence on NHP‐associated zoonoses within a One Health framework and proposes an integrated biosurveillance roadmap.</p>

<p><strong>Methods</strong></p>

<p>A structured search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (2000–2025), informed by the PRISMA‐ScR framework and using pre‐specified host, geographic, and pathogen search terms, was conducted and supplemented by grey literature from WHO, FAO, BPOM, and Indonesia's Ministry of Health.</p>

<p><strong>Results</strong></p>

<p>Five priority zoonotic pathogen categories were identified: Plasmodium knowlesi malaria, Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1 (Herpes B virus), simian foamy virus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, and zoonotic gastrointestinal parasites. Surveillance capacity is fragmented and NHP‐specific pathogen monitoring is absent from national systems.</p>

<p><strong>Conclusions</strong></p>

<p>NHP‐derived zoonoses represent a growing public health threat in Indonesia. A NHP‐inclusive One Health surveillance system integrating molecular diagnostics, geographic information systems, and cross‐sectoral regulatory coordination is urgently needed.</p>

PB - Wiley
PY - 2026
T2 - Journal of Medical Primatology
TI - Non‐Human Primates as Sentinels and Reservoirs of Emerging Zoonotic Diseases in Indonesia: A One Health Perspective on Pathogen Spillover, Surveillance Gaps, and Regulatory Frameworks
VL - 55
SN - 0047-2565, 1600-0684
ER -