TY - JOUR KW - General Medicine AU - Bourne R AU - Steinmetz JD AU - Flaxman S AU - Briant PS AU - Taylor HR AU - Resnikoff S AU - Casson RJ AU - Abdoli A AU - Abu-Gharbieh E AU - Afshin A AU - Ahmadieh H AU - Akalu Y AU - Alamneh AA AU - Alemayehu W AU - Alfaar AS AU - Alipour V AU - Anbesu EW AU - Androudi S AU - Arabloo J AU - Arditi A AU - Asaad M AU - Bagli E AU - Baig AA AU - Bärnighausen TW AU - Battaglia Parodi M AU - Bhagavathula AS AU - Bhardwaj N AU - Bhardwaj P AU - Bhattacharyya K AU - Bijani A AU - Bikbov M AU - Bottone M AU - Braithwaite T AU - Bron AM AU - Butt ZA AU - Cheng C AU - Chu D AU - Cicinelli MV AU - Coelho JM AU - Dagnew B AU - Dai X AU - Dana R AU - Dandona L AU - Dandona R AU - Del Monte MA AU - Deva JP AU - Diaz D AU - Djalalinia S AU - Dreer LE AU - Ehrlich JR AU - Ellwein LB AU - Emamian MH AU - Fernandes AG AU - Fischer F AU - Friedman DS AU - Furtado JM AU - Gaidhane AM AU - Gaidhane S AU - Gazzard G AU - Gebremichael B AU - George R AU - Ghashghaee A AU - Golechha M AU - Hamidi S AU - Hammond BR AU - Hartnett MER AU - Hartono RK AU - Hay SI AU - Heidari G AU - Ho HC AU - Hoang CL AU - Househ M AU - Ibitoye SE AU - Ilic IM AU - Ilic MD AU - Ingram AD AU - Irvani SSN AU - Jha R AU - Kahloun R AU - Kandel H AU - Kasa AS AU - Kempen JH AU - Keramati M AU - Khairallah M AU - Khan EA AU - Khanna RC AU - Khatib MN AU - Kim JE AU - Kim YJ AU - Kisa S AU - Kisa A AU - Koyanagi A AU - Kurmi OP AU - Lansingh VC AU - Leasher JL AU - Leveziel N AU - Limburg H AU - Majdan M AU - Manafi N AU - Mansouri K AU - McAlinden C AU - Mohammadi SF AU - Mohammadian-Hafshejani A AU - Mohammadpourhodki R AU - Mokdad AH AU - Moosavi D AU - Morse AR AU - Naderi M AU - Naidoo KS AU - Nangia V AU - Nguyen CT AU - Nguyen HLT AU - Ogundimu K AU - Olagunju AT AU - Ostroff SM AU - Panda-Jonas S AU - Pesudovs K AU - Peto T AU - Quazi Syed Z AU - Rahman MHU AU - Ramulu PY AU - Rawaf S AU - Rawaf DL AU - Reinig N AU - Robin AL AU - Rossetti L AU - Safi S AU - Sahebkar A AU - Samy AM AU - Saxena D AU - Serle JB AU - Shaikh MA AU - Shen TT AU - Shibuya K AU - Shin JI AU - Silva JC AU - Silvester A AU - Singh JA AU - Singhal D AU - Sitorus RS AU - Skiadaresi E AU - Skirbekk V AU - Soheili A AU - Sousa RARC AU - Spurlock EE AU - Stambolian D AU - Taddele BW AU - Tadesse EG AU - Tahhan N AU - Tareque MI AU - Topouzis F AU - Tran BX AU - Travillian RS AU - Tsilimbaris MK AU - Varma R AU - Virgili G AU - Wang YX AU - Wang N AU - West SK AU - Wong TY AU - Zaidi Z AU - Zewdie KA AU - Jonas JB AU - Vos T AB - Background
To contribute to the WHO initiative, VISION 2020: The Right to Sight, an assessment of global vision impairment in 2020 and temporal change is needed. We aimed to extensively update estimates of global vision loss burden, presenting estimates for 2020, temporal change over three decades between 1990–2020, and forecasts for 2050.

Methods
We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based surveys of eye disease from January, 1980, to October, 2018. Only studies with samples representative of the population and with clearly defined visual acuity testing protocols were included. We fitted hierarchical models to estimate 2020 prevalence (with 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) of mild vision impairment (presenting visual acuity ≥6/18 and <6/12), moderate and severe vision impairment (<6/18 to 3/60), and blindness (<3/60 or less than 10° visual field around central fixation); and vision impairment from uncorrected presbyopia (presenting near vision
Findings
In 2020, an estimated 43·3 million (95% UI 37·6–48·4) people were blind, of whom 23·9 million (55%; 20·8–26·8) were estimated to be female. We estimated 295 million (267–325) people to have moderate and severe vision impairment, of whom 163 million (55%; 147–179) were female; 258 million (233–285) to have mild vision impairment, of whom 142 million (55%; 128–157) were female; and 510 million (371–667) to have visual impairment from uncorrected presbyopia, of whom 280 million (55%; 205–365) were female. Globally, between 1990 and 2020, among adults aged 50 years or older, age-standardised prevalence of blindness decreased by 28·5% (–29·4 to −27·7) and prevalence of mild vision impairment decreased slightly (–0·3%, −0·8 to −0·2), whereas prevalence of moderate and severe vision impairment increased slightly (2·5%, 1·9 to 3·2; insufficient data were available to calculate this statistic for vision impairment from uncorrected presbyopia). In this period, the number of people who were blind increased by 50·6% (47·8 to 53·4) and the number with moderate and severe vision impairment increased by 91·7% (87·6 to 95·8). By 2050, we predict 61·0 million (52·9 to 69·3) people will be blind, 474 million (428 to 518) will have moderate and severe vision impairment, 360 million (322 to 400) will have mild vision impairment, and 866 million (629 to 1150) will have uncorrected presbyopia.

Interpretation
Age-adjusted prevalence of blindness has reduced over the past three decades, yet due to population growth, progress is not keeping pace with needs. We face enormous challenges in avoiding vision impairment as the global population grows and ages. BT - The Lancet Global Health DO - 10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30425-3 IS - 2 LA - eng N2 - Background
To contribute to the WHO initiative, VISION 2020: The Right to Sight, an assessment of global vision impairment in 2020 and temporal change is needed. We aimed to extensively update estimates of global vision loss burden, presenting estimates for 2020, temporal change over three decades between 1990–2020, and forecasts for 2050.

Methods
We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based surveys of eye disease from January, 1980, to October, 2018. Only studies with samples representative of the population and with clearly defined visual acuity testing protocols were included. We fitted hierarchical models to estimate 2020 prevalence (with 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) of mild vision impairment (presenting visual acuity ≥6/18 and <6/12), moderate and severe vision impairment (<6/18 to 3/60), and blindness (<3/60 or less than 10° visual field around central fixation); and vision impairment from uncorrected presbyopia (presenting near vision
Findings
In 2020, an estimated 43·3 million (95% UI 37·6–48·4) people were blind, of whom 23·9 million (55%; 20·8–26·8) were estimated to be female. We estimated 295 million (267–325) people to have moderate and severe vision impairment, of whom 163 million (55%; 147–179) were female; 258 million (233–285) to have mild vision impairment, of whom 142 million (55%; 128–157) were female; and 510 million (371–667) to have visual impairment from uncorrected presbyopia, of whom 280 million (55%; 205–365) were female. Globally, between 1990 and 2020, among adults aged 50 years or older, age-standardised prevalence of blindness decreased by 28·5% (–29·4 to −27·7) and prevalence of mild vision impairment decreased slightly (–0·3%, −0·8 to −0·2), whereas prevalence of moderate and severe vision impairment increased slightly (2·5%, 1·9 to 3·2; insufficient data were available to calculate this statistic for vision impairment from uncorrected presbyopia). In this period, the number of people who were blind increased by 50·6% (47·8 to 53·4) and the number with moderate and severe vision impairment increased by 91·7% (87·6 to 95·8). By 2050, we predict 61·0 million (52·9 to 69·3) people will be blind, 474 million (428 to 518) will have moderate and severe vision impairment, 360 million (322 to 400) will have mild vision impairment, and 866 million (629 to 1150) will have uncorrected presbyopia.

Interpretation
Age-adjusted prevalence of blindness has reduced over the past three decades, yet due to population growth, progress is not keeping pace with needs. We face enormous challenges in avoiding vision impairment as the global population grows and ages. PB - Elsevier BV PY - 2021 SP - e130 EP - e143 T2 - The Lancet Global Health TI - Trends in prevalence of blindness and distance and near vision impairment over 30 years: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study UR - https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S2214-109X%2820%2930425-3 VL - 9 SN - 2214-109X ER -