Zoonoses have been documented for centuries, yet they still wreak global havoc as experienced by the current COVID-19 pandemic. Changes in ecosystems due to climate change, urbanization and social changes in human populations provoke zoonoses. Zoonosis can be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, and prions transmitted via air, consumption of contaminated meat, fruits or vegetables, close contact with infected animals and surfaces, and by arthropod vectors. Genetic variations in the genomes of pathogens contribute to the adaptation, survival, and evolution of the pathogens within humans and make diagnosis and treatment of zoonotic diseases challenging. Moreover, heightened severity and varying clinical manifestations within humans, and host–parasite interactions tailored to each host, add to the challenge. The One Health approach recognizes the delicate balance between humans, animals, and the environment and the necessity of considering all three elements in preventing further outbreaks disrupting human health and the economy.
BT - One Health DO - 10.1002/9781119867333.ch4 LA - Eng M3 - Chapter N2 -Zoonoses have been documented for centuries, yet they still wreak global havoc as experienced by the current COVID-19 pandemic. Changes in ecosystems due to climate change, urbanization and social changes in human populations provoke zoonoses. Zoonosis can be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, and prions transmitted via air, consumption of contaminated meat, fruits or vegetables, close contact with infected animals and surfaces, and by arthropod vectors. Genetic variations in the genomes of pathogens contribute to the adaptation, survival, and evolution of the pathogens within humans and make diagnosis and treatment of zoonotic diseases challenging. Moreover, heightened severity and varying clinical manifestations within humans, and host–parasite interactions tailored to each host, add to the challenge. The One Health approach recognizes the delicate balance between humans, animals, and the environment and the necessity of considering all three elements in preventing further outbreaks disrupting human health and the economy.
PB - Wiley PY - 2023 SN - 9781119867302 SP - 49 EP - 62 T2 - One Health TI - Zoonoses TT - The Rising Threat to Human Health ER -