02197nas a2200433   4500000000100000000000100001008004100002653003900043653001500082653002600097653001800123653001000141653001100151100001400162700002200176700001800198700002300216700001700239700001900256700001900275700001500294700001400309700001600323700002400339700002000363700002000383700001600403700001900419700001900438700001700457700001800474700001800492245009700510856007800607300001300685490000700698520104400705022001401749       2017                            d10aNeglected tropical diseases (NTDs)10aZika virus10aEnvironmental factors10aSocial Change10aWomen10aBrazil1 aSofia Ali1 aOlivia Gugliemini1 aSerena Harber1 aAlexandra Harrison1 aLauren Houle1 aJavarcia Ivory1 aSierra Kersten1 aRebia Khan1 aJenny Kim1 aChris LeBoa1 aEmery Nez-Whitfield1 aJamieson O'Marr1 aEmma Rothenberg1 aMax Segnitz1 aStephanie Sila1 aAnna Verwillow1 aMiranda Vogt1 aAdrienne Yang1 aErin Mordecai00aEnvironmental and social change drive the explosive emergence of Zika virus in the Americas.  uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5300271/pdf/pntd.0005135.pdf  ae00051350 v113 a<p>Since Zika virus (ZIKV) was detected in Brazil in 2015, it has spread explosively across the Americas and has been linked to increased incidence of microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). In one year, it has infected over 500,000 people (suspected and confirmed cases) in 40 countries and territories in the Americas. Along with recent epidemics of dengue (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV), which are also transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes, the emergence of ZIKV suggests an ongoing intensification of environmental and social factors that have given rise to a new regime of arbovirus transmission. Here, we review hypotheses and preliminary evidence for the environmental and social changes that have fueled the ZIKV epidemic. Potential drivers include climate variation, land use change, poverty, and human movement. Beyond the direct impact of microcephaly and GBS, the ZIKV epidemic will likely have social ramifications for women's health and economic consequences for tourism and beyond.</p>
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