Digital participatory surveillance and the Zika crisis: opportunities and caveats.

Managing the global threat of Zika requires innovative solutions. This article examines the potential of Digital Participatory Surveillance to support the management of global disease outbreaks by enabling citizens to report signs of infection. We discuss the status of the current evidence-base, contextual factors influencing user engagement and data quality, challenges for evaluation, and unique aspects of Zika with implications for design.We also suggest priorities for research, development and practice, to help translate the theoretical benefits of these methods into meaningful improvements in outbreak monitoring and public health.