One Health Approach Worldwide and Challenges in Collaboration

The One Health concept is an integrated cross-sector approach that acknowledges the interrelationship between human, animal, and environmental well-being to enhance health. This comprehensive view is essential for addressing intricate global health issues, including zoonoses, antibiotic resistance, food safety concerns, and ecosystem health. Tracing its origins to the 1800s, the One Health concept emerged in the early 2000s. The adoption of a One Health strategy is becoming increasingly vital, as factors such as climate change, expanding populations, urban growth, and shifts in land use have increased the risk of infectious diseases. The One Health approach is founded on principles such as the interdependence of human, animal, and environmental health; interdisciplinary cooperation; fairness; and health equity worldwide. Structures such as the Tripartite Framework, developed by the WHO, FAO, and WOAH, along with systems thinking in the One Health framework, offer methodical ways to examine complex health challenges. Worldwide, the Global Health Security Agenda and the One Health Workforce-Next Generation program have undergone rapid expansion in recent years, underscoring the importance of developing global capabilities to prevent, identify, and address infectious disease threats.