Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Soil-Transmitted Helmin-thiasis among School-Aged Children in Jos North and Jos South, Plat-eau State, Nigeria

Background:

Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections remain a public health concern among children in low-resource settings. We aimed to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of STH infections among school-aged children in Jos North and Jos South Local Government Areas, Plateau State, Nigeria.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted between August 2022 and November 2024 among 1,200 pupils selected following the WHO guidelines. Stool samples were examined using the formal-ether concentration technique, and structured questionnaires were used to assess potential risk factors. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests and logistic regression at a 95% confidence level.

Results:

The overall prevalence of STH infection was 2.5%. Ascaris lumbricoides (1.7%) was the most prevalent species, followed by hookworm (0.8%). No statistically significant associations were observed between infection and sex or age (P > 0.05), although children aged 9–12 years had the highest prevalence (2.9%). Multivariate analysis identified access to well water as a significant protective factor against infection (OR = 0.11, 95% CI: 0.02–0.56, P = 0.01).

Conclusion:

Despite the relatively low prevalence, ongoing transmission risks remain. Strengthening WASH interventions alongside targeted school-based health education is essential to sustain progress toward the WHO 2030 STH control targets.