Prevalence and Awareness of Lymphatic Filariasis in Wula Communities of Boki Local Government Area of Cross River State: A Cross Sectional Study

Background:

Lymphatic filariasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by thread-like parasitic worms mainly Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi and Brugia timori. The disease is transmitted through the bites of female Anopheles mosquitos and can lead to visible physical disfigurements resulting to severe social stigma, mental health challenges, and economic hardship. Transmission of the disease is higher in places with dense vegetation, high humidity and rainfall, all of which are abundant in Wula Communities of Boki Local Government Area. This study therefore aims to assess the prevalence as well as awareness of Lymphatic filariasis in Wula communities of Boki Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria.

Methods:

A descriptive cross sectional study design was used to assess the prevalence and awareness of lymphatic filariasis in Wula Communities of Boki Local Government Area between April to June, 2024. Stratified sampling was used to select respondents for the study, thin and thick blood films were used to collect blood samples to test for microfilaria. A structured questionnaire was also administered to 266 respondents who participated in the study to elicit information on awareness of the disease.

Results:

The result of this study showed that most respondents 64 (24.1%) were within the age group of 20 – 24 years. Out of 266 persons that were tested for microfilaria using both thick and thin blood films, 74 (27.8%) tested positive while 192 (72.2%) tested negative. In the study, prevalence rates increased gradually with age. The highest prevalence rates were recorded at age 40-49 years (7.1%). Wareness of the disease in the area was high and mosquito bites were the most implicated perceived cause 71 (26.7%) for lymphatic filariasis. However, respondents mentioned dirty water 33 (12.4%), genetics 20 (7.5%) and witches/wizards 12 (4.5%) as the cause of the disease, indicating a significant knowledge gap in the disease’s etiology.

Conclusion/ Recommendation:

This study reveals that the prevalence of lymphatic filariasis in the area is high and requires chemotherapeutic intervention. In addition, the knowledge gap on cause and prevention methods underscores the need for community health education intervention.