Risk Factors of Schistosomiasis Among School-Aged Children in Jos North and Jos South, Plateau State, Nigeria

This study assessed prevalence and risk factors of schistosomiasis in Jos North and South Local Government Areas (LGAs), Plateau State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was carried out among school-aged children in selected schools across Jos North and Jos South LGAs. Stool and urine samples were collected and microscopically examined for Schistosoma species. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) practices, and behavioral factors were collected using health questionnaires. Associations between infection and risk factors were statistically analyzed. The overall prevalence of schistosomiasis was 1.0% (n = 12), with equal distribution of Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni (0.5% each). Infection prevalence was higher in Jos South as compared to North. Most WASH and demographic factors were not significantly associated with infection. However, lack of prior knowledge of schistosomiasis was significantly associated with increased infection odds (AOR= 8.63, 95% CI: 2.08-58.28; p= 0.01), while access to running water for handwashing showed a non-significant protective effect (AOR= 0.36, 95% CI: 0.02-2.88; p= 0.38). Schistosomiasis pre-valence was low, indicating a low-endemic setting. This was primarily sustained by gaps in health knowledge rather than strong demographic or environmental determinants. Strengthening school-based health education, sustaining preventive control and WASH interventions are essential for transmission interruption.