Situation analysis and prospects for One Health implementation in Zanzibar, Tanzania

This study provides a situation analysis of Zanzibar’s One Health recognition and implementation, assessing animal, public and ecosystem health. It provides a comprehensive overview of the prevailing One Health system, addressing current policies, strategic priorities, and the organization of the sectors. In addition, it assesses the status of implementation of intersectoral collaboration to date. A structured desk review and a consultative process were used for information gathering. The findings were related to existing data and assessments, to specifically address their relevance for One Health implementation in Zanzibar. Key factors contributing to the success of the One Health environment in Zanzibar are a conducive political climate, the presence of guidelines and a legal framework, and the establishment of One Health governance structures. The primary challenges encompass uncertainties about the effectiveness of the legal framework and the effective functioning of the established One Health bodies, inadequate infrastructure and diagnostic capacity, and a paucity of efficient processes for data sharing and early reporting. The evaluation of progress towards the strategic objectives of Zanzibar’s One Health Strategy, continued improvement of the laboratory infrastructure and new international long-term partnerships for research and capacity strengthening, as well as the island’s geolocation, provide opportunities for Zanzibar to serve as a model case for progressing (One) Health safety in the region.