Chromoblastomycosis: a contemporary review of a neglected disease

Of the melanised fungal infections affecting humans, chromoblastomycosis (CBM) remains the most prevalent. Also known as chromomycosis, this condition typically manifests as insidious onset cutaneous lesions that eventually progress to cause physical disability. CBM is considered a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) by the World Health Organisation (WHO) due to its significant impact on impoverished populations throughout tropical regions, the paucity of research, and the opportunity to improve treatment and prevention. In many cases, the diagnosis is delayed; this is thought to be due to the multitude of clinical mimics and the lack of general awareness. Furthermore, the subcutaneous invasion of this infection creates therapeutic challenges. A small number of studies have identified partially successful treatments and potential pharmacological targets. Herein we present an updated review of this condition to give a contemporary perspective on a neglected disease.